Fortune | FORTUNE 11月08日 05:30
林肯为黑人助理写推荐信
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这篇内容讲述了美国总统亚伯拉罕·林肯在1861年写给海军部长的一封推荐信,信中为一位名叫威廉·约翰逊的黑人助理寻求工作。尽管当时国家正值分裂边缘,林肯仍旧不遗余力地帮助这位朋友,这封信揭示了林肯总统任期初期的多重面向,包括他帮助朋友的意愿,即使是总统也无法随意分配工作,以及白宫内部存在的阶级和肤色问题。林肯对约翰逊的个人关怀,体现了他作为“伟大的解放者”的特质,即使在困难时期也展现了同情心和对所有人的尊重。

📜 **林肯的个人推荐信**:在国家分裂的敏感时期,林肯总统亲笔为28岁的黑人助理威廉·约翰逊写了一封推荐信给海军部长,请求为他安排职位。这封信表明林肯对朋友的深切关怀,即使在就职不到两周、国家面临内战危机之时,也未曾忽视约翰逊的福祉。

⚖️ **肤色与就业的现实**:信中提到,约翰逊因肤色与白宫其他肤色较浅的黑人员工不同,导致他被孤立。林肯在信中直言“他与其它仆人之间的肤色差异是我们分离的原因”,揭示了当时白宫内部存在的基于肤色的隔阂和就业困境。

🌟 **总统的同情心与尊重**:尽管当时国家动荡不安,林肯仍展现出非凡的同情心和对约翰逊的尊重。历史学家认为,林肯对待白宫员工,包括当时多为获得自由的非洲裔美国人,都以礼相待,从不强求服务,而是 polite地请求,并尽力减轻他们的负担。这体现了他跨越种族和性别的善良品质。

🤝 **长期的支持与情谊**:林肯最终在11月为约翰逊在财政部找到了一份工作,并与他保持了密切的合作关系。约翰逊不仅为林肯理发,还充当司机,甚至陪伴林肯出席了葛底斯堡演说。在林肯感染天花期间,约翰逊还悉心照料了他。即使在约翰逊病逝后,林肯依然关心他的身后事,支付了他的丧葬费用并帮助处理了他的债务。

The short, handwritten note is a typical letter of reference for a man seeking a job.

But the author is the president of the United States.

It is also 1861, and the job seeker is a Black man.

Abraham Lincoln penned the entreaty on behalf of his young friend, William Johnson, because ironically, his dark complexion caused freed Black White House staffers with lighter skin to shun him.

“The difference of color between him and the other servants is the cause of our separation,” Lincoln wrote in the March 16, 1861, letter that private collector Peter Tuite donated in August to the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, where it is now on public display. The letter’s recipient, Navy Secretary Gideon Welles, reported he had no position available.

For a president in the mid-19th century to show such personal concern for a Black man’s welfare is astounding. But consider that Lincoln was fewer than two weeks removed from his inauguration, taking over a country rent by secession, on the brink of a bloody Civil War.

The brief missive “contains layer upon layer” of revelations about Lincoln’s presidential debut, said Christina Shutt, executive director of the library and museum.

“We see him trying to help a friend. We see that even the new president cannot casually hand out jobs,” Shutt said. “We see issues of class and color within the White House.”

Little is known about Johnson before he started work in 1859 as a valet and driver for Lincoln in Springfield. He traveled to Washington with the president-elect.

Lincoln referred to the then-28-year-old Johnson in letters as a “colored boy.” But the individual favor he bestowed on Johnson was characteristic of the Great Emancipator, said James Conroy, a retired Massachusetts attorney and historian whose books include a survey of Lincoln’s White House. Lincoln treated the White House staff, largely made up of freed African Americans, with respect. In a separate article on the subject, Conroy wrote that Lincoln never demanded service but asked staffers politely “and let them bear no hardship he could lift.”

“Nobody can question that Lincoln was a very kindly guy, very empathetic, trying to help people when he could,” Conroy told The Associated Press. “And that crossed Black and white and male and female and everything else. He was a genuinely good guy.”

It wasn’t until November that Lincoln found Johnson a position at the Treasury Department. Lincoln maintained a close working relationship with Johnson, paying him to shave the president daily and often act as chauffeur.

Johnson accompanied Lincoln to Pennsylvania in November 1863 for the Gettysburg Address. Johnson nursed Lincoln when he showed symptoms of a mild case of smallpox during the trip. Johnson died of smallpox in early 1864. It is possible he contracted it from the president or during one of several outbreaks in Washington at the time.

While Johnson was sick, Lincoln collected his paycheck and ensured it got to Johnson. Lincoln later paid for Johnson’s coffin and offered to pay off a $150 loan of Johnson’s, but the bank forgave half of it.

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亚伯拉罕·林肯 威廉·约翰逊 美国内战 历史 推荐信 Abraham Lincoln William Johnson American Civil War History Letter of Reference
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