New Yorker 11月03日 19:38
导演约阿希姆·特里尔的创作哲学
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该文章探讨了导演约阿希姆·特里尔在电影创作中的独特方法和个人哲学。特里尔以其对人物心理的深刻洞察和温和的领导风格著称,试图在艺术追求与人际关系之间找到平衡。他尤其关注如何避免电影行业中常见的“艺术怪才”模式,而是通过“温柔的鼓励”来激励团队,并强调真诚在创作中的重要性。文章还通过具体拍摄场景,如重建物业以展现不同时代的历史变迁,以及对电影技术细节(如使用加热取景器以应对拍摄时的情感流露)的描写,展现了特里尔及其团队的专业与投入。

✨ **以人为本的创作理念:** 特里尔强调理解他人心理,并认为真诚是创作的核心。他致力于避免成为“艺术怪才”,而是通过“温柔的鼓励”来领导团队,相信这种方式能激发更好的工作状态,并吸引志同道合的合作者。这体现了他对人际关系和团队合作的重视。

🎬 **对电影历史的反思与创新:** 特里尔与其好友麦克·米尔斯共同意识到电影史中充斥着“自恋者”,他们反思这种模式的局限性,并寻求更健康、更充实的生活和创作方式。他们在创作中融入了戏谑的档案蒙太奇、闪前等技巧,但其核心是真诚的表达。

🏠 **细致入微的场景构建:** 为拍摄不同年代的房屋场景,制作团队精心建造了房屋的复制品,并在墙壁上层层叠加壁纸,以象征历史的变迁。这种对细节的极致追求,不仅是为了技术上的便利,更是为了在视觉上更深刻地呈现故事的时间跨度和人物的时代背景。

💧 **情感投入与技术挑战:** 摄影指导卡斯帕·图森提到,拍摄感人至深的场景时,他的眼睛会因激动而流泪,导致光学取景器起雾。为了解决这一技术难题,他需要使用加热取景器来“蒸发泪水”。这生动地展现了电影制作团队在情感投入和技术实践中所面临的挑战与创造力。

Using this location had personal benefits: on the days he was filming at the house, he could see his daughters for breakfast and put them to bed. Trier deeply understands a director like Gustav, with his art-monster tendencies and half-blundering, half-charming attempts to reach his daughters, but he hardly wants to be Gustav. In fact, much of Trier’s process seems to be about finding ways to buck that model. It helps, as Helle told me, that Trier is “endlessly fascinated” by other people’s psychology—“penetrating the top layer of big emotions and trying to understand why people are like they are. That is a constant conversation, at home and with our friends.”

Trier, who is tall and slim, with closely trimmed hair, a stubbly beard, blue eyes behind tortoiseshell glasses, and a penchant for black chinos and sneakers, looks like your favorite history teacher. On set, he bounces with a natural athleticism. He used to race down ski slopes; he has gone more slowly ever since an accident in 2019 which nearly necessitated the amputation of his foot. Trier is gregarious and emotionally accessible, prone to clasping his hands together in enthusiasm, uttering an exuberant “Exa-a-actly!” when he agrees with a comment, and tearing up while directing. (He also got misty when I recounted something kind his wife had said about him.)

This last tendency is one he shares with the director of photography on “Sentimental Value” and “Worst Person,” the Danish cinematographer Kasper Tuxen. “A lot of D.P.s are kind of super-masculine,” Trier said. “Kasper is so sensitive and lovely—he’s really engaged with what the actors are doing.” Tuxen told me that it posed a technical hazard to film scenes he found especially moving. Trier’s movies are shot on 35-mm., and Tuxen scoots in close to the actors, often on a rolling stool ignominiously known as a butt dolly. “Shooting on film, you have an actual optical-glass viewfinder,” Tuxen said. “It’s beautiful for seeing things clearly, but the condensation from a wet eyeball is a problem. When my operating eye gets wet, the glass gets fogged up. So I need to use a heated viewfinder, to cook my tears.”

The American director Mike Mills (“Beginners,” “20th Century Women”) is a close friend of Trier’s; he also works with Tuxen. Mills and Trier both approach filmmaking with an unabashed sincerity, even as they play around with winking archival montages, flash-forwards, and other arch techniques. The two have regular Zoom conversations that can last for hours, and they share preliminary cuts of their films with each other. Mills said that he and Trier, “two very therapized men,” were uncomfortably aware of film history being “filled with narcissists who maybe made great films but were horrible to be close to.” He went on, “If you’re the type of person who sees a lot of that as being a dead end, or problematic, or not leading toward happiness or a richer life, how do you react to that?” Like Trier, Mills has a tendency to make therapeutically savvy remarks, then worry aloud that they sound pretentious.

I ran Mills’s comments by Trier when I met him for coffee during the New York Film Festival. In directing, Trier said, “there’s a lot of heavy lifting, both in getting your creative control and in getting everyone on board—leading a big team of people early in the morning when they’re tired, and half of them have undiagnosed A.D.H.D. but you love their energy.” This situation “can encourage macho behavior, because you’re a leader—the militaristic general.” When Trier needs to rally his troops, he deepens his voice, claps his hands, and announces, “politely but sternly, like a teacher—‘We gotta focus, everybody!’ ” He prefers to operate in a mode “of tender encouragement, because people work better that way—at least, the people I want to work with.”

I visited the set of “Sentimental Value” last October. The shoot was on a soundstage a thirty-minute train ride from downtown Oslo. Inside was a re-creation of the first and second floors of the house in Frogner. To film a montage of the house at various historical junctures, from the nineteen-tens to the nineteen-eighties, it had been easier—though not easy, and not inexpensive—to build a replica than to retrofit the actual house. A production-design team had layered the walls of the imitation house with a palimpsest of wallpapers; when the scenes for one time period were done, the team peeled off a layer to reveal the one underneath.

That day’s shoot was set at a house party in the sixties, when the place was occupied by Gustav’s aunt, Edith, his mother’s sister, who lives openly with her girlfriend. Gustav’s mother, we’ve learned, joined the resistance during the Nazi occupation of Norway and was imprisoned by the Gestapo. She later died, by suicide, when Gustav was young. Edith likes to crank up the music at her parties when the neighbors complain—one of them, she’s sure, ratted out her sister.

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约阿希姆·特里尔 电影制作 导演 创作哲学 Joachim Trier Filmmaking Director Creative Philosophy
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