Editor’s note: This post is part of Into the Omniverse, a series focused on how developers, 3D practitioners and enterprises can transform their workflows using the latest advances in OpenUSD and NVIDIA Omniverse.
Physical AI models — which power robots, autonomous vehicles and other intelligent machines — must be safe, generalized for dynamic scenarios and capable of perceiving, reasoning and operating in real time. Unlike large language models that can be trained on massive datasets from the internet, physical AI models must learn from data grounded in the real world.
However, collecting sufficient data that covers this wide variety of scenarios in the real world is incredibly difficult and, in some cases, dangerous. Physically based synthetic data generation offers a key way to address this gap.
NVIDIA recently released updates to NVIDIA Cosmos open world foundation models (WFMs) to accelerate data generation for testing and validating physical AI models. Using NVIDIA Omniverse libraries and Cosmos, developers can generate physically based synthetic data at incredible scale.
Cosmos Predict 2.5 now unifies three separate models — Text2World, Image2World and Video2World — into a single lightweight architecture that generates consistent, controllable multicamera video worlds from a single image, video or prompt.
Cosmos Transfer 2.5 enables high-fidelity, spatially controlled world-to-world style transfer to amplify data variation. Developers can add new weather, lighting and terrain conditions to their simulated environments across multiple cameras. Cosmos Transfer 2.5 is 3.5x smaller than its predecessor, delivering faster performance with improved prompt alignment and physics accuracy.
These WFMs can be integrated into synthetic data pipelines running in the NVIDIA Isaac Sim open-source robotics simulation framework, built on the NVIDIA Omniverse platform, to generate photorealistic videos that reduce the simulation-to-real gap. Developers can reference a four-part pipeline for synthetic data generation:
- NVIDIA Omniverse NuRec neural reconstruction libraries for reconstructing a digital twin of a real-world environment in OpenUSD, starting with just a smartphone.SimReady assets to populate a digital twin with physically accurate 3D models.The MobilityGen workflow in Isaac Sim to generate synthetic data.NVIDIA Cosmos for augmenting generated data.
From Simulation to the Real World
Leading robotics and AI companies are already using these technologies to accelerate physical AI development.
Skild AI, which builds general-purpose robot brains, is using Cosmos Transfer to augment existing data with new variations for testing and validating robotics policies trained in NVIDIA Isaac Lab.
Skild AI uses Isaac Lab to create scalable simulation environments where its robots can train across embodiments and applications. By combining Isaac Lab robotics simulation capabilities with Cosmos’ synthetic data generation, Skild AI can train robot brains across diverse conditions without the time and cost constraints of real-world data collection.
Serve Robotics uses synthetic data generated from thousands of simulated scenarios in NVIDIA Isaac Sim. The synthetic data is then used in conjunction with real data to train physical AI models. The company has built one of the largest autonomous robot fleets operating in public spaces and has completed over 100,000 last-mile meal deliveries across urban areas. Serve’s robots collect 1 million miles of data monthly, including nearly 170 billion image-lidar samples, which are used in simulation to further improve robot models.
Learn more about how Serve Robotics uses Isaac Sim to accelerate development, testing and deployment of its sidewalk delivery robots by watching the below livestream.
Beyond bringing people meals, Serve recently used its robots to deliver compute power — dropping off brand-new NVIDIA DGX Spark personal AI supercomputers to Refik Anadol, Will.I.AM and Ollama. With 1 petaflop of AI performance, DGX Spark offers developers desktop capabilities for workflows from AI model prototyping and model fine-tuning to inference and robotics development.
Autonomous drone delivery company Zipline also participated in the DGX Spark drop, with Chief Hardware Officer Jo Mardall receiving a DGX Spark by drone at the company’s headquarters and testing facility in Half Moon Bay, California. Zipline uses the NVIDIA Jetson edge AI and robotics platform for its drone delivery systems.
See How Developers Are Using Synthetic Data
Lightwheel, a simulation-first robotics solution provider, is helping companies bridge the simulation-to-real gap with SimReady assets and large-scale synthetic datasets. With high-quality synthetic data and simulation environments built on OpenUSD, Lightwheel’s approach helps ensure robots trained in simulation perform effectively in real-world scenarios, from factory floors to homes.
Data scientist and Omniverse community member Santiago Villa is using synthetic data with Omniverse libraries and Blender software to improve mining operations by identifying large boulders that halt operations.
Undetected boulders entering crushers can cause delays of seven minutes or more per incident, costing mines up to $650,000 annually in lost production. Using Omniverse to generate thousands of automatically annotated synthetic images across varied lighting and weather conditions dramatically reduces training costs while enabling mining companies to improve boulder detection systems and avoid equipment downtime.
