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历史视角下的经济思潮:资本主义的成就与社会主义的挑战
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20世纪见证了巨大的进步与深重的苦难。一方面,以自由市场资本主义为代表的经济模式成功将超过十亿人带离贫困;另一方面,自称社会主义的政府却导致了高达2.7亿人的死亡。尽管如此,许多学者,甚至曾是马克思主义者的经济学家汤姆·索维尔,最终转向了资本主义,这归因于他们对现实证据的重视。然而,当前大学校园内,社会主义的吸引力依然不减,部分学生甚至倾向于评价较高的压迫性国家而非美国。这引发了对教育体系是否过度传播未经现实检验的空想性理论的担忧。

💡 20世纪的经济现实呈现两极分化:自由市场资本主义成功地使超过十亿人摆脱了贫困,是人类历史上前所未有的成就。然而,与此同时,以社会主义为旗号的政权却造成了大规模的死亡,凸显了意识形态与实际后果之间的巨大反差。

🧠 经济思想的转变往往源于对现实证据的审视。正如经济学家汤姆·索维尔所言,他从马克思主义转向自由市场经济学,正是因为在长期的经验主义研究中,他看到了理论与现实之间的显著差异。当个人或学术界忽视证据,转而追求不切实际的理想时,就可能导致对现实的误判。

🎓 当代大学教育环境可能助长了社会主义思潮的流行。经济学教授布莱恩·布伦伯格指出,大学是“坏想法得以延续”的场所,因为这些想法在学术象牙塔中很少受到现实的检验。这种脱离实际的理论灌输,使得年轻一代在踏入社会前,可能对社会主义的承诺抱有不切实际的期望,而忽视了其历史上的负面实践。

😟 对于未来经济发展趋势的担忧不容忽视。汤姆·索维尔曾表达过对长远来看“我们可能撑不下去”的忧虑,暗示了如果社会未能从历史中吸取教训,可能会重蹈覆辙。这种担忧提醒我们,警惕那些未经检验的经济和社会政策,并始终坚持以事实为依据进行判断。

The 20th century was the best of times and the worst of times. On the dark side, as many as 270 million citizens were estimated to have been killed by governments that describe themselves as socialists — on the left and the right. On the bright side of the 20th century was the success of free market capitalism, which helped lift well over one billion people out of poverty. 

So why do so many scholars condemn capitalism and lean into socialism? Even the brilliant free market economist Tom Sowell started out as a Marxist. So, what changed his mind?

"Facts. Before I was a Marxist, I was an empiricist, and I stayed an empiricist. And with the passing years, as I looked into more and more things, I saw the difference between reality and the rhetoric. Unfortunately, so many people today, including at the leading universities, don't pay much attention to evidence," Sowell told FOX Business in 2019. 

A recent survey shows a large number of college students prefer socialism to capitalism, with almost half praising oppressive countries such as Cuba over the U.S. 

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Our own Big Money Show Co-Host Brian Brenberg saw it firsthand as an economics professor. I asked him why socialism still has pull for so many college students. 

"College is one of the only places where bad ideas can keep living because they never get tested against reality. So, professors, they study these things, they love the ideas of what socialism promises. They never have to do them in real life. They spend their academic career filling kids' heads with these ideas. Kids who gotta go out in the real world" Brenberg said. 

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Six years ago, I asked Tom Sowell if we'd have to suffer through socialist policies before rejecting it. 

"I do have a great fear that in the long run we may not make it." 

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Now, I love Sowell. He's one of the most brilliant men I've ever met, but at the same time, I'm hoping he's dead wrong on this point. 

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资本主义 社会主义 经济学 汤姆·索维尔 历史 教育 Capitalism Socialism Economics Tom Sowell History Education
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