New Yorker 10月16日 06:44
美国政府冻结大学资金,改革高等教育
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美国特朗普政府近期对高等教育领域采取了一系列强硬措施,包括冻结数亿美元联邦资金,尤其针对十月七日袭击事件后出现高调抗议的大学。这些措施旨在推动高等教育改革,涉及学生贷款、多样性、公平和包容(DEI)项目以及跨性别学生运动员政策等。政府官员认为,部分大学过于富裕且未能履行其使命,培养出“负债累累、专业无用、憎恨国家并热衷于暴乱”的学生。同时,他们也认为DEI项目涉嫌歧视。此举被视为利用联邦政府在大学间的巨额合同作为杠杆,以促使大学遵守相关法律和政策,尤其是在反犹太主义问题上。改革的目标是让学生重拾思考、写作和欣赏美的能力,抵制所谓的“觉醒文化”对高等教育的侵蚀。

🎓 **政府对高等教育的干预升级**:特朗普政府通过冻结数亿美元联邦资金,对大学施加了显著压力,特别是在十月七日袭击事件后发生抗议的大学。这一策略旨在迫使大学改革,并被视为政府在高等教育领域实施“高度有效的攻击”。

💡 **改革背后的核心理念与动机**:政府官员认为,许多大学过于富裕且未能有效履行教育使命,培养出的学生存在问题。他们还主张,DEI等“觉醒”项目违反了联邦法律中的反歧视条款。改革的深层动机在于重塑大学的文化和教育方向,使其符合政府的价值观。

💰 **联邦合同作为改革的杠杆**:政府官员指出,联邦政府与大学之间存在数十亿美元的合同,这构成了重要的影响力。通过冻结资金,政府可以迫使大学遵守其要求,例如在处理校园内的反犹太主义等问题上,否则将面临失去联邦合同的风险。

🔬 **并非反科学,而是战略性施压**:尽管冻结的资金多用于科学研究,但政府官员强调这并非反科学的立场,而是因为科学研究领域是他们能够施加有效影响力的关键所在。目的是让大学认识到不遵守政策会带来“真实的后果”。

Who are the power players in President Trump’s fight against universities? And, then, how federal workers are coping with the interminable government shutdown. Plus:

Trump has frozen hundreds of millions of dollars in federal funds for universities.Photo illustration by Adam Maida

Emma Green 
A staff writer covering education and academia.

In the course of the past nine months, the Trump Administration has executed a highly effective assault on higher education. D.E.I. programs have been dismantled across the country. Columbia will pay more than two-hundred million dollars to settle allegations of antisemitism and violations of antidiscrimination law. The N.C.A.A. changed its policy on trans student athletes. And the President pushed Congress to pass the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, which included major structural reforms to higher ed, affecting student loans and more.

Earlier this year, I set out to understand the who, the how, and the why of this higher-ed agenda. I spoke with a number of the Administration officials behind these policies, who have not spoken widely to reporters before. One thing that surprised me is how much their motivations varied, and how strongly they feel about the broader cultural importance of reforming universities.

May Mailman, who until recently was a policy deputy in the White House, has been coördinating the Administration’s efforts. She argued that many universities are too rich to deserve endless public largesse, and that they’re failing in their mission, often producing, as she put it, “indebted students with useless majors who hate our country and like to go to riots.” She also argued that the so-called woke features of campus life, such as D.E.I., violate federal laws by discriminating on the basis of race.

Josh Gruenbaum, who runs the Federal Acquisition Service, the government’s clearing house for goods, services, and contracts, described the central insight of the Administration’s playbook: that the federal government has billions of dollars’ worth of contracts with universities. “The way we need to be thinking about these things is: we are making an investment,” he told me. If schools violate their contracts—by, say, failing to address antisemitism on campus—the federal government doesn’t have to do business with them, he said.

The Administration has frozen hundreds of millions in federal funds for universities, especially ones that had high-profile protests after the October 7th attacks in Israel. Many of these funds have been for science research. Jonathan Pidluzny, the deputy chief of staff for strategy and implementation at the Department of Education, is one of the architects of the Administration’s higher-ed strategy. He insisted that the Administration is not anti-science; that’s just where their best leverage lies. Schools “need to understand that the consequences would be real,” he said. Pidluzny is an academic, and he spoke to me about his love for universities, where students ideally learn “to think, to write, to appreciate beauty”—something he said has been “imperilled by the woke takeover” of higher ed. “How did I get to where I am?” Pidluzny said. “It’s watching something really valuable to our way of life slip away.”

Read the story »


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特朗普政府 高等教育改革 联邦资金冻结 大学 DEI 反犹太主义 政府关门 Trump Administration Higher Education Reform Federal Funding Freeze Universities DEI Antisemitism Government Shutdown
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