TechCrunch News 10月08日 08:00
警惕AI生成的已故名人视频,尊重逝者与家属
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近日,罗宾·威廉姆斯的女儿Zelda Williams呼吁停止发送AI生成的其父视频,表达了对这种行为的痛苦和不满。她强调,这不仅是对逝者的不尊重,也给家属带来了困扰。此举恰逢OpenAI发布Sora 2视频模型,该模型允许用户生成高度逼真的已故人士的深度伪造视频。尽管法律上诽谤死者不构成犯罪,但这种技术的使用引发了伦理争议。文章指出,OpenAI对生成已故人物视频的界限模糊,且逝者无法像生者一样设定“出镜”的限制。这种对逝者形象的随意利用,以及对版权内容的侵犯,都显示出AI技术发展中亟需关注的伦理和社会问题,可能为未来设定一个令人担忧的先例。

💔 **家属的痛苦与呼吁**:罗宾·威廉姆斯的女儿Zelda Williams公开呼吁停止发送AI生成的其父视频,表达了深深的痛苦和不满。她强调,这种行为不仅是对已故亲人的不尊重,也对生者造成了情感上的困扰,并认为这并非逝者所愿,是浪费时间和精力。

🤖 **AI技术与已故人士的伦理困境**:OpenAI的Sora 2模型允许用户生成高度逼真的已故人士深度伪造视频,引发了关于如何界定和使用逝者形象的伦理争议。尽管法律上可能不涉及 defamation,但随意利用逝者形象,特别是他们无法设定“出镜”限制,使得这一问题尤为敏感。

⚖️ **法律与版权的模糊地带**:文章指出,法律上对已故人士的诽谤并非非法,这为深度伪造技术的使用打开了口子。同时,Sora模型在生成受版权保护的卡通人物视频方面也存在争议,OpenAI最初的“选择退出”政策引发了行业担忧,显示出AI技术在法律和版权合规方面仍需明确规范。

⚠️ **潜在的负面先例**:随着AI技术的飞速发展,如果允许以已故或在世人士为“玩物”随意生成内容,将可能为社会设定一个令人担忧的负面先例。这种对个人形象和数字遗产的漠视,可能导致更广泛的侵权和伦理失范行为。

Zelda Williams, daughter of the late actor Robin Williams, has a poignant message for her father’s fans.

“Please, just stop sending me AI videos of Dad. Stop believing I wanna see it or that I’ll understand. I don’t and I won’t,” she wrote in a post on her Instagram story on Monday. “If you’ve got any decency, just stop doing this to him and to me, to everyone even, full stop. It’s dumb, it’s a waste of time and energy, and believe me, it’s NOT what he’d want.”

It’s probably not a coincidence that Williams was moved to post this just days after the release of OpenAI’s Sora 2 video model and Sora social app, which gives users the power to generate highly realistic deepfakes of themselves, their friends, and certain cartoon characters.

That also includes dead people, who are seemingly fair game because it is not illegal to libel the deceased, according to the Student Press Law Center.

Sora will not let you generate videos of living people — unless it is of yourself, or a friend who has given you permission to use their likeness (or “cameo,” as OpenAI calls it). But these limits don’t apply to the dead, who can mostly be generated without roadblocks. The app, which is still only available via invite, has been flooded with videos of historical figures like Martin Luther King, Jr., Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and Richard Nixon, as well as deceased celebrities like Bob Ross, John Lennon, Alex Trebek, and yes, Robin Williams.

How OpenAI draws the line on generating videos of the dead is unclear. Sora 2 won’t, for example, generate former President Jimmy Carter, who died in 2024, or Michael Jackson, who died in 2009, though it did create videos with the likeness of Robin Williams, who died in 2014, according to TechCrunch’s tests. And while OpenAI’s cameo feature allows people to set instructions for how they appear in videos others generate of them — guardrails that came in response to early criticism of Sora — the deceased have no such say. I’ll bet Richard Nixon would be rolling over in his grave if he could see the deepfake I made of him advocating for police abolition.

Deepfakes of Richard Nixon, John Lennon, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Robin WilliamsImage Credits:Sora, screenshots by TechCrunch

OpenAI did not respond to TechCrunch’s request for comment on the permissibility of deepfaking dead people. However, it’s possible that deepfaking dead celebrities like Williams is within the firm’s acceptable practices; legal precedent shows that the company likely wouldn’t be held liable for the defamation of the deceased.

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“To watch the legacies of real people be condensed down to ‘this vaguely looks and sounds like them so that’s enough,’ just so other people can churn out horrible TikTok slop puppeteering them is maddening,” Williams wrote.

OpenAI’s critics accuse the company of taking a fast-and-loose approach on such issues, which is why Sora was quickly flooded with AI clips of copyrighted characters like Peter Griffin and Pikachu upon its release. CEO Sam Altman originally said that Hollywood studios and agencies would need to explicitly opt out if they didn’t want their IP to be included in Sora-generated videos. The Motion Picture Association has already called on OpenAI to take action on this issue, declaring in a statement that “well-established copyright law safeguards the rights of creators and applies here.” He has since said the company will reverse this position.

Sora is, perhaps, the most dangerous deepfake-capable AI model accessible to people so far, given how realistic its outputs are. Other platforms like xAI lag behind, but have even fewer guardrails than Sora, making it possible to generate pornographic deepfakes of real people. As other companies catch up to OpenAI, we will set a horrifying precedent if we treat real people — living or dead — like our own personal playthings.

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AI 深度伪造 已故名人 伦理 版权 Sora 2 Robin Williams Zelda Williams OpenAI
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