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人工智能或致近亿美国工作岗位流失,参议院报告建议征收“机器人税”
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一份新的参议院报告警告称,人工智能可能在未来十年内取代近一亿美国工作岗位。该报告由参议院健康、教育、劳工和养老金委员会的民主党工作人员撰写,部分参考了ChatGPT的响应,分析了20个主要劳动力部门,发现其中15个部门可能面临超过一半的职位被人工智能或机器人取代的风险。最易受影响的是快餐和柜台服务人员,预计将损失约300万个工作岗位,占该行业劳动力的89%。报告还建议征收“机器人税”,即企业用机器取代人力时需缴纳税款,以弥补损失的工资税并支持失业员工的再培训。微软创始人比尔·盖茨也表示,从自动化中获益的公司应“支付公平份额”。报告同时提出了32小时工作周、17美元联邦最低工资等劳工议程,强调政策选择将决定AI的影响。

🤖 **AI冲击就业市场严峻**:参议院报告指出,人工智能和机器人技术可能在未来十年内取代近一亿美国工作岗位,其中快餐、客服、货运搬运工和行政助理等行业面临的自动化风险尤为突出,部分行业可能高达89%的岗位被取代。

💰 **“机器人税”提议**:为应对AI带来的失业问题,报告建议对使用机器取代人类劳动力的公司征收“机器人税”。此税收旨在弥补因失业造成的工资税损失,并为受影响的工人提供再培训和支持,以实现企业利润与社会责任的平衡。

⚖️ **劳工权益与未来工作模式**:除机器人税外,报告还提出了一系列旨在改善劳工状况的政策建议,包括推行32小时工作周、将联邦最低工资提高至17美元,以及加强加班保护和工人股权激励。这些措施旨在确保在自动化时代,经济发展能够兼顾效率与人的尊严。

🤔 **政策选择决定AI未来**:报告强调,人工智能对就业的影响并非定数,而是取决于当前政策制定者的选择。参议员伯尼·桑德斯警告,不受管制的自动化可能导致经济“非人化”,将效率置于个人尊严之上,呼吁建立一个以人为本、更健康、更快乐、更有意义的生活世界。

A new Senate report warns that artificial intelligence could displace nearly 100 million U.S. jobs within the next decade, spurring Democrats to push for a "robot tax" on companies that replace human workers with tech.

The analysis produced by Democratic staffers on the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions (HELP) Committee was driven by Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt). 

Partly informed by responses from ChatGPT, 20 major workforce sectors were examined. It was found that 15 could see more than half of their positions replaced by AI systems or robotics. 

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The hardest hit, the report says, will be fast food and counter workers, with an estimated 3 million jobs lost, which is about 89% of that workforce. 

Other high-risk fields include customer service, freight and material movers, and executive assistants, with projected automation rates above 80%.

The report also urges lawmakers to confront what Sanders has called "an economic crossroads." 

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Central to the proposal is the robot tax, meaning companies would pay a levy for each human position replaced by machines, tech or algorithms. 

The funds would help recoup lost payroll taxes and support retraining programs for displaced employees.

Sanders argues the robot tax would balance corporate profits with public responsibility. 

Microsoft founder Bill Gates has echoed similar thoughts, suggesting that companies benefiting from automation should "pay their fair share" to mitigate economic disruption.

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The Senate report also outlines a labor agenda including a 32-hour workweek, a $17 federal minimum wage, stronger overtime protections, and worker equity stakes in automated industries. 

The authors stress that the impact of AI is "not predetermined" but depends on policy choices made now.

In a co-authored Fox News Digital op-ed Monday, Sanders also warned that unregulated automation could "dehumanize" the economy, prioritizing efficiency over dignity. 

"We need a world where people live healthier, happier, more fulfilling lives — not one where machines make all the money," Sanders wrote.

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人工智能 AI 就业 工作岗位 机器人税 参议院报告 劳工 自动化 Artificial Intelligence AI Jobs Job Displacement Robot Tax Senate Report Labor Automation
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