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This week’s system design refresher:
MCP vs API: what’s the difference?
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TCP vs UDP
AI and Machine Learning (ML)
How Python Works
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MCP vs API: what’s the difference?
APIs have been the backbone of software-to-software communication for decades. Now, a new player — the Model Context Protocol (MCP) — is emerging as an AI-native protocol designed for agents, IDEs, and LLMs.
API (Application Programming Interface):
Purpose: Enables software-to-software communication.
Discovery: Requires documentation.
Standardization: Varies — REST, GraphQL, gRPC, etc.
MCP (Model Context Protocol):
Purpose: Enables AI-native communication between clients (agents, IDEs, LLMs) and servers.
Discovery: Self-describing (no external docs needed).
Standardization: One uniform protocol for resources, tools, and prompts.
Over to you: Do you think MCP will complement APIs or eventually replace them in AI-driven systems?
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TCP vs UDP
Every time data moves across the internet, it chooses between accuracy and speed. That’s TCP vs UDP.
TCP: Connection-oriented and reliable. It ensures ordered, duplicate-free delivery with flow and congestion control, making it ideal for web browsing, email, and file transfers.
UDP: Connectionless and lightweight. It sends packets without guarantees of delivery or order, but with minimal overhead. It is perfect for gaming, streaming, and real-time communication.
📘 A piece of knowledge each day: AI and Machine Learning (ML)
What is AI? What is ML? Are they the same thing? We will clear the common confusion in this post.
AI and ML are often treated as if they are the same thing. They are not. AI is the bigger field. It is about creating programs that can sense, reason, act, and adapt. Any system that shows intelligent behavior can fall under AI.
ML is a subset of AI. It focuses on algorithms that learn from data and improve with experience. This is where most of the progress in recent years has happened. Some common use cases of ML are recommendation engines, fraud detection, and image recognition. Most of what we interact with daily.
The biggest breakthrough in recent years came from ML, and when the media talks about the AI revolution, they are mostly talking about advances in ML, particularly deep learning.
How Python Works
Ever wondered what happens behind the scenes when you run a Python script? Let’s find out:
Python (CPython Runtime):
Python source code (.py) is compiled into bytecode automatically in memory.
Bytecode can also be cached in .pyc files, making re-runs faster by using the cached version.
The Import System loads modules and dependencies.
The Python Virtual Machine (PVM) interprets the bytecode line by line, making Python flexible but relatively slower.
Over to you: For performance-critical work, do you stick with Python or reach for another language?
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