Fortune | FORTUNE 10月01日 22:34
美国H-1B签证新政:重塑人才引进,促他国自主发展
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美国近期对H-1B签证引入高额申请费,旨在结束廉价劳动力的滥用,吸引真正顶尖的创新人才。此举被视为对现有移民体系的“硬重置”,而非简单的排外。文章指出,尽管批评者称之为“保护主义”,但其核心在于提升人才引进标准,要求企业为顶尖人才支付更高成本,而非依赖大规模的低成本劳动力。同时,该政策也敦促其他国家停止依赖向美国输送人才,而是专注于发展本国科技创新生态,实现真正的国家发展。文章回顾了H-1B签证的历史演变,强调了其初衷是引进杰出人才,并指出该政策的调整是顺应AI时代对高技能人才需求变化的必然选择,也是为了优先保障美国本土劳动力的就业和发展。

💰 **H-1B签证高额申请费旨在提升人才引进标准:** 美国通过对H-1B签证征收高达10万美元的申请费,标志着对过去廉价劳动力和签证滥用模式的结束。此举并非旨在关闭大门,而是要求企业为引进的顶尖人才支付更高的成本,确保吸引的是真正不可替代的、拥有杰出技能的个体,而非大规模的普通技术劳动力。这迫使企业,包括大型科技公司和初创企业,重新评估人才引进策略,并鼓励它们为稀缺的AI研究员等支付“零头”费用。

💡 **AI时代对人才需求转变,H-1B政策顺应趋势:** 文章强调,随着人工智能技术的发展,代码编写等传统IT工作岗位正在被自动化取代,对大规模技术劳动力的需求正在减少。未来的趋势是需要更少但更精英化的创新者。特朗普政府的H-1B签证改革正是看到了这一趋势,旨在将签证计划的重点从填补大量中层工程师岗位,转移到吸引能够推动前沿技术发展的“精英少数”上,以适应AI驱动的新时代。

🌍 **敦促他国发展本土创新生态,减少对人才输出的依赖:** 该政策不仅影响美国,也对依赖向美输送人才的国家,特别是印度,提出了挑战。文章指出,过度依赖向美国输出技术人才,可能导致本国创新能力的停滞。高额申请费促使这些国家反思其发展模式,鼓励它们加大对国内教育、研发和创业的投入,创造本土的就业机会和创新环境,实现“让自己的国家再次伟大”的目标,而非长期依赖“人才外流”来维持经济增长。

🇺🇸 **保障本土就业与促进长期国家利益:** 文章辩护称,优先考虑美国公民的就业和发展是合理的。H-1B计划的早期受益者已繁衍出在美国接受顶尖教育并取得成功的第二代,他们现在正填补着父辈曾从事的科技和医疗领域岗位。因此,改革旨在确保美国自身的毕业生和公民不会被“更便宜的替代品”所挤压,从而维护美国的创新优势和长期竞争力。这是一种“美国优先”的体现,但并非孤立主义,而是为了确保国家在吸引全球人才的同时,能够最大化其本土的经济和社会效益。

America just told the world’s governments: stop shipping us your best and brightest. Make your own country great again!

President Trump has thrown a grenade into America’s immigration system — and it’s exactly what the country needed. By slapping a $100,000 filing fee on H=1B visas, the White House has declared the days of cheap labor pipelines and visa abuse officially over.

For decades, the H-1B program has been tech’s favorite loophole, a foreign government’s free subsidy, and one of the most quietly exploited corners of U.S. immigration. Now, it’s facing a hard reset. Critics cry “protectionism.” They’re wrong. This isn’t about shutting doors. It’s about raising the bar. America is saying loud and clear: we want the best, not the cheapest. And the truth is, other nations should stop complaining — and start learning.

From Y2K to AI: A different world

In the 1990s, the H-1B made sense. The Y2K panic, the dotcom boom, the internet’s birth — America desperately needed coders, and India delivered. Win-win. Many rose to lead U.S. tech.

But this is 2025. AI is rewriting the rules. Silicon Valley giants admit: AI will write code within a year. Tech companies are already cutting thousands of jobs. The age of mass coding armies is ending. The future belongs to a smaller pool of elite innovators — not vast back-office battalions. Trump saw it. He acted.

Big tech can pay — and they know it

Let’s be real. The 10 largest U.S. tech giants are worth a mind-blowing $23 trillion (Nvidia, Google, Apple, Amazon, Microsoft, Meta, Broadcom, Tesla, Oracle, Netflix)— about the size of China and India’s GDP combined. For them, a $100,000 visa fee is pocket change.

They already burn billions on stock buybacks, perks, and lavish campuses. If they want that one-in-a-million AI researcher, they can pay up. Instead of paying taxes, they would happily pay for H-1B fee to the government.

And startups? In Silicon Valley today, $25 million seed rounds are just another Tuesday. If you can raise millions overnight, you can cough up $100K for extraordinary talent.

The ones screaming loudest aren’t the innovators. They’re the body shops and consulting mills that turned H-1B into a glorified staffing agency. Trump just told them: the gravy train is over.

The H-1B legacy: America already benefited

If we look back to 1995, the early waves of Indian H-1B holders were overwhelmingly strong in math, science, engineering, and medicine. Rough estimates suggest that more than one million Indians entered the U.S. on H-1B visas in that era. Many stayed on, became green card holders, and ultimately U.S. citizens.

Fast-forward three decades, and that community has grown roots. Those first-generation H-1Bs have now raised an estimated two million American-born children. And here’s the kicker: those kids are excelling at the very same things their parents were recruited for — math, science, technology, and medicine. They’re graduating from the top U.S. universities, building startups, entering research labs, and staffing hospitals.

In other words, the jobs their parents once filled as immigrants will now be filled by their American-born children. That’s the natural arc of immigration done right. And that’s why the U.S. government is focused on prioritizing employment for American citizens today. The system has already delivered: one generation of H-1Bs seeded a powerhouse second generation of Americans.

The original spirit, restored

The H-1B was never meant to import endless armies of mid-level engineers. It was designed for brilliance. For the extraordinary few. Somewhere along the way, it was hijacked — people turned into export cargo.

Trump’s reset rips it back to its DNA. You want an H-1B? Prove the worker is worth $100K in fees. Prove they’re indispensable. Otherwise? Hire American.

Simple. Fair. Long overdue.

America first doesn’t mean America alone

This isn’t xenophobia. It’s common sense. America invests trillions into its education system. Why should its own graduates be undercut by imported “cheaper alternatives?”

At the same time, Trump isn’t slamming the door on all international talent. Students already in the U.S. — with OPT work permits, SSNs, and driver’s licenses — are still in play. They’ve lived here, learned here, and earned their shot. That’s smart policy: keep the best who have already invested in America, while shutting loopholes that enabled mass outsourcing.

India’s $80 billion dependency

No country feasted on the H-1B quite like India. Its top five IT firms built an $80 billion annual revenue machine by sending workers abroad. Instead of reforming at home, India exported its best and brightest — and cashed the checks.

But exporting human capital isn’t nation-building. It’s dependency. No young graduate wants to leave their family and culture — they leave because opportunity is missing at home.

Trump’s reset is India’s wake-up call: stop banking on America to absorb your youth. Build your own ecosystem. Slash corruption. Kill red tape. Fund R&D. Empower entrepreneurs. Give the next generation a reason to stay.

The lesson for the world

This isn’t just about India. From Africa to Latin America to Southeast Asia, governments have used migration as a pressure valve — letting their best talent leave, send remittances, and keep broken systems intact. That game is finished.

We’re entering an AI-driven world. Nations that don’t nurture their own talent will get left behind. The H-1B reset is a blunt lesson: don’t whine when America closes its doors. Build your own Silicon Valley instead.

A bold, controversial, necessary move

Make no mistake: this policy will sting. Consulting firms will howl. Foreign governments will protest. Even Silicon Valley will grumble. But real leadership isn’t about keeping everyone happy. It’s about making tough calls for the long-term good.

By pricing out abuse, Trump’s policy ensures only the best — the truly irreplaceable — get through. That’s good for American workers. Good for American innovation. And ironically, good for the countries now forced to face reality: you can’t outsource your future forever.

Make your own country great again

This is not just an American reset. It’s a global reset. The White House just told every capital in the developing world: stop blaming Washington. Start building your own greatness.

Governments must invest in universities. Wealthy elites must back entrepreneurs, not offshore accounts. Bureaucrats must get out of the way. Dreamers must be given room to create.

For too long, America carried the burden of global brain drain. That era is over.

The world after the reset

In 20 years, this moment may be seen as a turning point. America chose to protect its workers and demand excellence. Other nations, forced to stand on their own, may finally unleash their own revolutions.

Trump’s $100K H-1B reset isn’t the end of opportunity. It’s the end of dependency. And that may make it one of the most consequential, world-shaping decisions of our time.

The opinions expressed in Fortune.com commentary pieces are solely the views of their authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions and beliefs of Fortune.

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H-1B签证 美国移民 人工智能 人才引进 科技创新 国家发展 H-1B visa US immigration Artificial Intelligence Talent acquisition Technological innovation National development
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