Fortune | FORTUNE 10月01日 22:34
AI演员引发好莱坞争议,演员担忧被取代
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近期,一位名为Tilly Norwood的AI生成角色引发了好莱坞的广泛关注和争议。部分演员,如艾米莉·布朗特,对AI在娱乐行业的潜在影响表示担忧,认为这可能剥夺人类的情感连接和表演的价值。AI角色的创造者则辩称,Tilly Norwood是“一件艺术品”,旨在激发对话和实验,而非取代人类演员。然而,SAG-AFTRA明确表示反对使用AI合成表演者,指出其训练过程可能涉及未经授权使用演员作品,并且AI角色缺乏真实的情感和生活经验,可能威胁到演员的生计和艺术价值。此外,关于AI演员首先被推向年轻女性的现象,也引发了对其潜在剥削性的质疑。

🤖 AI生成角色Tilly Norwood的出现,在好莱坞引发了演员们的强烈担忧。以艾米莉·布朗特为代表的演员们认为,AI演员的出现“非常非常可怕”,担心这会剥夺人类的连接,并对娱乐行业的未来感到不安。她们质疑为何要创造一个AI角色,而我们已经拥有了像斯嘉丽·约翰逊这样的真实演员。

🎨 Tilly Norwood的创造者Van der Velden辩称,Tilly Norwood并非旨在取代人类,而是一件“艺术品”,是想象力和实验的产物。她认为AI角色应该有其自身的艺术价值,不应与人类演员直接比较,并希望AI能被接纳为更广泛艺术大家庭的一部分,作为一种新的表达方式。

⚖️ SAG-AFTRA(美国演员工会)明确反对使用AI合成表演者,并指出Tilly Norwood是由计算机程序训练而来,可能使用了大量专业演员的作品,且未获得许可或补偿。工会认为,AI角色缺乏生活经验和情感,无法吸引观众,并可能通过使用“被盗的表演”来威胁演员生计, devaluing human artistry。

🚺 许多好莱坞人士也对AI演员首先是一名年轻女性这一事实感到担忧,认为这可能是一种剥削。演员Chelsea Edmunson和Mara Wilson都对此表示质疑,认为这可能意味着AI角色更容易被控制,并且可能利用了大量年轻女性的形象,却无法雇佣她们本人。Eiza Gonzalez则称此举“可怕且令人恐惧”。

As you might imagine, though, few Hollywood actors are happy about this potential watershed moment for the entertainment industry. Many actors have disparaged the move on social media, in comments on Deadline‘s story, as well as their own social media channels and comments to the press. Academy Award nominee Emily Blunt, while promoting her new A24 movie with Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson, The Smashing Machine, was asked to read portions of a report about Tilly Norwood aloud when she stopped by the Variety Awards Circuit podcast, and had a pretty visceral reaction.

“No, are you serious? That’s an AI? Good Lord, we’re screwed,” she said. “That is really, really scary, Come on, agencies, don’t do that. Please stop. Please stop taking away our human connection.”

When Blunt was told agents want Norwood to be “the next Scarlett Johansson,” she responded: “But we already have Scarlett Johansson.”

Creator defends Tilly Norwood as a ‘piece of art’

Following the fierce backlash online, particularly from Hollywood actors, Tilly Norwood’s creator Van der Velden issued a detailed statement on Instagram.

“To those who have expressed anger over the creation of my AI character, Tilly Norwood, she is not a replacement for a human being, but a creative work—a piece of art,” she wrote. “Like many forms of art before her, she sparks conversation, and that in itself shows the power of creativity.”

Van der Velden went on to say AI should not be a replacement for people, and that nothing “can take away the craft or joy of human performance,” but creating Tilly has been “an act of imagination” and “represents experimentation, not substitution.”

“I also believe Al characters should be judged as part of their own genre, on their own merits, rather than compared directly with human actors,” she added. “I hope we can welcome Al as part of the wider artistic family: one more way to express ourselves, alongside theatre, film, painting, music, and countless others.”

Van der Velden turned comments off for that particular Instagram post.

SAG-AFTRA’s response, and the exploitation argument

The Screen Actors Guild and the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, or SAG-AFTRA, which represents about 160,000 actors, creators, and media professionals, issued a pretty blunt statement about Tilly Norwood on Tuesday, saying the union is “opposed to the replacement of human performers by synthetics.”

“To be clear, ‘Tilly Norwood’ is not an actor, it’s a character generated by a computer program that was trained on the work of countless professional performers—without permission or compensation,” it said in a statement. “It has no life experience to draw from, no emotion and, from what we’ve seen, audiences aren’t interested in watching computer-generated content untethered from the human experience.”

“It doesn’t solve any ‘problem’—it creates the problem of using stolen performances to put actors out of work, jeopardizing performer livelihoods and devaluing human artistry,” it added.

Beyond protesting the use of computer-generated actors as opposed to human actors, many in Hollywood are also pointing out how exploitative it feels to have the first so-called “AI actor” to be pursued by talent agents be a young woman.

Not surprised that the first major “AI actor” is a young woman that they can fully control and make do whatever they want,” actor Chelsea Edmunson said in response to Deadline‘s post about Tilly Norwood.

“And what about the hundreds of living young women whose faces were composited together to make her?” asked Mara Wilson, who rose to fame as a child actor in Matilda and Mrs. Doubtfire. “You couldn’t hire any of them?”

“Shame on whoever is trying to normalize this,” actor Eiza Gonzalez wrote in response. “Horrific and terrifying.”

For added context, it’s been less than two years since the historically long SAG-AFTRA strike, which stretched on for four months before finally ending in November 2023. AI protections were a key point of negotiations.

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AI演员 Tilly Norwood 好莱坞 SAG-AFTRA 人工智能 AI actor Hollywood Artificial Intelligence
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