Fortune | FORTUNE 10月01日
股票代币化:SEC计划推行链上交易,潜在机遇与风险并存
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美国证券交易委员会(SEC)正考虑允许公司在区块链上提供股票交易,此举可能为Coinbase和Robinhood等平台带来机遇,但也引发了Citadel Securities等公司的担忧。若计划实施,投资者或可通过加密钱包购买苹果、Netflix等公司的股票代币,并与比特币等加密资产一同持有。虽然代币化股票在海外市场已初具规模,且承诺更快的交易结算速度,但其潜在的市场扰动、合规性以及与传统股票所有权的差异仍是需要关注的焦点。由于法律挑战的可能性,在美国推出代币化股票可能尚需时日。

📈 **股票代币化与链上交易的兴起**:SEC正探索允许公司在区块链上发行和交易股票,这意味着投资者未来可能能够直接在加密平台上购买代表公司所有权的代币。这一创新有望整合传统金融市场与去中心化技术,为股票交易带来新的模式。

🚀 **潜在的机遇与市场影响**:对于Coinbase和Robinhood等希望拓展加密业务的公司而言,股票代币化是一项重大机遇,能够吸引更多用户和交易量。同时,它承诺加快交易结算速度,可能缓解如2021年“模因股”交易高峰期出现的流动性危机,提高市场效率。

⚠️ **风险与监管挑战**:尽管有潜在好处,Citadel Securities等机构对股票代币化的潜在市场扰动表示担忧。此外,如何确保代币化股票的合规性,防止洗钱等非法活动,以及其与传统股票所有权的法律差异,都是需要解决的关键问题。由于潜在的法律诉讼,在美国的广泛推广可能面临阻碍。

Does it matter if the stock you buy comes in the form of a token on a blockchain? We could soon find out as the Securities and Exchange Commission is reportedly moving forward on a plan to let companies offer stock trading “on chain.” The plan would be a boon to firms like Coinbase and Robinhood, which are raring to expand their crypto offerings, but could also pose a risk to investors, according to major financial companies like Citadel Securities, which are demanding the agency slow-roll the plan.

According to The Information, citing unnamed sources, the SEC is moving quickly to implement the stocks-on-the-blockchain plan as part of the Trump Administration’s broader pro-crypto agenda: “The SEC’s effort would provide exemptive relief for blockchain-based trading of stocks, which means some rules governing stock trading wouldn’t apply, the people said. The scope or time limit of the exemption is unclear. The effort would allow trading to begin quickly.”

In practice, this would mean an investor soon could use their Coinbase wallet or Robinhood’s crypto platform to buy tokens of popular stocks like Apple or Netflix, storing them alongside traditional crypto assets like Bitcoin or Ethereum.

Such offerings are not entirely new. Robinhood is already offering them in overseas markets as is Coinbase rival Kraken, whose CEO recently told Fortune that tokenized stocks have proved especially popular in places like South Africa, because the blockchain offerings let investors get assets to U.S. equities without paying exorbitant brokerage commissions.

Tokenized stocks offer the same thing as their traditional counterpart: an opportunity for an investor to own a piece of a company, and earn a profit if the value of the stock increases or if the firm pays a dividend. But the mechanics of ownership are not the same. In the case of a conventional stock purchase, the customer puts in a buy order, and the brokerage acquires the stock on their behalf, assigning them full ownership rights. Tokenized stocks, by contrast, entail an additional step in which a brokerage creates a token—registered on a blockchain like Ethereum—that represents a claim on the underlying share or, in some cases, to a fund that owns a basket of shares.

The advantages of tokenizing stocks, say proponents, is a faster process for settling trades. Currently, that process can take a day or more and, during intense trading periods, has led to market meltdowns. In 2021, Robinhood CEO Vlad Tenev published a blog post titled “It’s time for real time settlement” after a settlement backlog during the peak of covid-era meme stock trading created a liquidity crisis for the company.

While blockchain-based trading and settlement would be faster than the existing system, the likes of Citadel Securities—which handles around 35% of retail stock trades in the U.S.—warn it could have a disruptive effect on the market. There is also the question of compliance, and whether tokenized stocks will come with traditional guardrails to prevent money laundering and other illicit activities.

In any case, the launch of tokenized stock in the U.S. is unlikely to be imminent since, according to The Information, legacy players would likely sue the SEC to force it to engage in a detailed regulatory review rather than simply grant exemptions to existing stock trading rules.

On the new Fortune Crypto Playbook vodcast, Fortune

’s senior crypto experts decode the biggest forces shaping crypto today.

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股票代币化 区块链 SEC 加密货币 金融科技 Stock Tokenization Blockchain SEC Cryptocurrency Fintech
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