Speaking with Bloomberg’s David Westin at Michigan Central Station, Farley said he came to this realization during the United Auto Workers strike of 2023, when he was especially struck by stories from young factory employees. Many of them said they could not support themselves by working at Ford alone. “When I met with my entry factory workers, they were saying I had to have three jobs.” He said they would also work at places like Walmart and an Amazon fulfillment center. “You know, I get six hours of sleep, and I got three jobs.'”

In the short term, Farley said, Ford’s signature element in its new labor agreement was to get full wages to entry-level workers. But beyond that, he began looking at the labor shortage in trade work, starting with technicians. Farley described a revelation about the erosion of what blue-collar work used to represent—stability, pride, and a single income that could support a family. “Old-timers in our plants were saying, ‘It’s no longer a career, Mr. Farley. Working at Ford is no longer a career.'”

Farley’s remarks came during a star-studded event organized by the automaker, including video remarks from JP Morgan CEO Jamie Dimon, a sit-down interview with Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer, and many others. Dimon called America the “bastion of freedom, arsenal of democracy,” and argued that the country had “gotten bogged down and made a lot of mistakes in how to grow our economy for the benefit of all Americans.” He urged Farley to keep fighting against what he called America becoming a “nation of compliance and box-checking.”

Scope of the blue-collar crisis

Farley was blunt about the nationwide labor shortage. He estimated the U.S. is short roughly 400,000 technicians and a similar number of factory workers, repeating talking points he has been citing repeatedly in his push on the essential economy. He warned that millions of well-paid jobs going unfilled because they require years of training and specialized skills. Putting the salaries for these jobs at $100,000 and above, Farley argued that they require training. “You can’t work on a diesel F-150 if you haven’t been trained for five years, at a minimum five years,” Farley noted. It’s not a demand problem—there’s plenty of work—but a dire supply shortage of young people choosing and staying in the trades.

Farley pivoted to another theme he’s been raising: artificial intelligence (AI), data centers and the labor required to build this infrastructure. “We keep talking about our data centers,” he said. “We have huge construction companies here today. They will tell you this is a big issue for them.” Farley added that AI is driving huge demand for construction and warned that he doesn’t know where the labor will come from to physically build them.

How do we fix this?

Farley called out declining investment in skilled trades, poor productivity, and bureaucratic hurdles as key hurdles facing the essential economy. He challenged large employers and community leaders to act, advocating for more robust apprenticeship and vocational education programs, and lamented the lack of progress at federal levels despite President Trump’s push to de-emphasize four-year degrees in favor of trade schools.

“I see a lot of momentum with mayors, county leaders,” Farley said. “They get it. But they’re in the same boat we are. They don’t have a lot of resources. They’re struggling to get these projects done.” He said there’s a general attitude of frustration, a “How the hell do we fix this?

Farley agreed that trade schools and apprentice programs are “going to matter,” but when asked if he’s seen a big enough shift in those areas to tackle the current crisis, he had a simple answer: “Not yet.”