Fortune | FORTUNE 09月30日 23:09
创业女性欺诈案:以虚假用户数据骗取1.75亿美元收购
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年仅17岁时就展露创业才华的Charlie Javice,最终因欺诈被判七年监禁。她创立的学生贷款初创公司Frank,在被摩根大通以1.75亿美元收购过程中,被指控虚报用户数量,将实际的30万用户夸大至400万以上。为支撑这一谎言,她甚至雇佣数据科学家制造虚假用户名单。摩根大通在营销邮件效果不佳后发现端倪,并提起诉讼。法官形容此案为“圣经般”的欺诈,强调其造成的经济和声誉损失。尽管有人将其与伊丽莎白·霍姆斯相提并论,但分析认为Javice的动机可能更多源于“假装成功直到成功”的压力,而非初衷即为欺诈。

💡 **欺诈性收购与虚假数据**:Charlie Javice因欺诈被判刑七年,其创立的学生贷款初创公司Frank在被摩根大通以1.75亿美元收购时,被指控存在严重的虚假用户数据。Javice谎报公司拥有超过400万用户,而实际用户数仅约30万,这一巨大的数字差异是促成收购的关键欺诈行为。

📊 **数据造假手段与被识破**:为了使虚报的用户数据看起来可信,Javice据称雇佣了一名数据科学家来创建虚假的客户名单。然而,摩根大通在尝试向Frank的用户发送营销邮件时,发现邮件的发送率和打开率极低,从而暴露了欺诈行为,最终导致银行提起诉讼并引发联邦刑事及证券欺诈指控。

⚖️ **法律判决与罪行定性**:曼哈顿联邦法院判处Javice七年监禁,法官Alvin Hellerstein形容她的罪行为“圣经般”,批评其缺乏“公正的衡量”。此案不仅对摩根大通造成了重大的经济损失和声誉损害,也引发了关于创业者压力下行为边界的讨论。

🚀 **与名案对比及动机分析**:尽管Javice的案件常被与伊丽莎白·霍姆斯和Theranos案相提并论,但有分析认为,Javice可能并非一开始就计划欺诈,而是被“假装成功直到成功”的压力所驱使,最终一步步走向了谎言的深渊。她本人在判决时表示后悔。

🌟 **早期创业形象与最终结局**:Javice在17岁时就因其创业想法和沟通能力受到关注,并立志改变世界。然而,她最终的结局却是因商业欺诈被判重刑,这一巨大的反差令人唏嘘,也警示着创业道路上的道德风险。

Charlie Javice was once celebrated as a promising young entrepreneur. After all, she was only 17 years old when, in spring 2009, she met with Howard Finkelstein, an attorney who advises startups, at an event hosted by New York University. 

Javice was there to network about her new startup, PoverUp, a platform to help students launch microfinance clubs. 

“She could start conversations with anyone and continue endlessly,” Finkelstein told former Fortune finance reporter Luisa Beltran. But Javice was so young at the time Finkelstein required her to have a parent’s permission in order to advise her. In addition to her entrepreneurial goals, she wanted to start a worldwide organization to help people get out of poverty.

“Yeah, she wanted to change the world,” Finkelstein told Fortune.

But Javice changed the world in quite a different way. In March, a Manhattan federal court convicted the now-33-year-old of defrauding JPMorgan Chase into buying her student-loan startup, Frank, for $175 million. On Monday, she was sentenced to seven years in prison.

‘Biblical’ crime

Judge Alvin Hellerstein said Javice’s crime was “biblical.”

“Among the many commandments in the bible are the commandments of just weights and measures,” the judge said. “Yours was not a just weight and measure.”

Javice had falsely claimed Frank had more than 4 million users, when in reality it was just about 300,000. The massive inflation of consumer data was integral in JPMorgan agreeing to buy the company in 2021, a deal its CEO Jamie Dimon called a “huge mistake.”

To convince JPMorgan of her fabricated customer base, Javice allegedly hired a data scientist to create a synthetic customer list to back up her falso claims. But JPMorgan discovered the fraud when its marketing emails to JPMorgan users had extremely low delivery and open rates. The bank ultimately sued Javice, triggering federal criminal and securities fraud charges, which culminated in a six-week jury trial in New York and her conviction and sentencing.

During the trial, prosecutor Nicholas Chiuchiolo told jurors Javice and codefendant Olivier Amar, Frank’s chief growth officer, had “time and again” pitched the business falsely and sold frank for $175 million “worth of lies.” He argued Javice and Amar became multimillionaires while “JPMorgan got a spreadsheet with fake names.”

A high school classmate of Javice told Fortune’s Beltran she was bewildered that a young businesswoman could swindle the world’s largest bank.

“How can she think she could get away with this? How did she even sleep?” they wondered.

Although Javice has been compared to the other high-stakes case of Elizabeth Holmes and Theranos, whose fraudulent technology endangered lives, the judge at her sentencing emphasized Javice’s crimes caused substantial financial and reputational damage to JPMorgan. Holmes is serving an 11-year prison sentence at Federal Prison Camp Bryan, a minimum security camp in Texas.

Gregory Coleman, the retired FBI special agent who brought down the real-life Wolf of Wall Street, told Fortune’s Beltran he thought Javice was similar to Holmes in some, but not all, ways. Coleman said Holmes’ testimony showed psychopathic tendencies.

“Some might argue that having a baby on the eve of her trial, knowing that if convicted she could face significant jail time, was just the latest in a long line of selfish, manipulative psychopathic acts,” he said. Meanwhile, Coleman said Javice appeared to be more aware she was making overstated claims that just snowballed into outright lies. 

“I don’t believe that she set out from the beginning to commit fraud, but rather was drawn in and undone by her poor decisions in her attempt to ‘fake it until she makes it,” Coleman told Fortune’s Beltran.

During her sentencing, Javice appeared remorseful, according to several reports.

“At 28 I did something that runs against the grain of my upbringing,” Javice said. “I made choices that I will spend my entire life regretting.”

Read more about Charlie Javice in this ‘unauthorized profile.’

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Charlie Javice Frank JPMorgan Chase 欺诈 创业 金融犯罪 Charlie Javice Frank JPMorgan Chase Fraud Entrepreneurship Financial Crime
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