Fortune | FORTUNE 09月30日
多拉地区移民外流现象
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多拉地区,迈阿密一个以单户住宅为主的封闭式郊区,正经历着移民外流。许多委内瑞拉人曾在此生活和工作,得益于拜登政府期间扩展的临时项目。然而,这个有8万人口、约40%为委内瑞拉人的社区,其空置率已从去年晚些时候的5.6%上升至6.5%,高于周边社区的4.3%。房地产经纪人指出,由于特朗普政府试图加速驱逐,许多委内瑞拉移民因担心临时身份到期而逃离。特朗普政府已于4月终止了对35万委内瑞拉人的驱逐保护,另35万人将于2026年2月保护到期。同时,多拉公寓业主据说也在拒绝临时许可的家庭,担心他们可能突然成为美国非法居民。专家表示,这种做法可能违反联邦和州公平住房法,通过歧视国籍来歧视移民。如果房东因怀疑某人不是公民而拒绝租户,这将违反民权法。

🏠 多拉地区是一个以单户住宅为主的封闭式迈阿密郊区,约有40%的居民是委内瑞拉人,近年来经历了显著的移民外流现象。

🇻🇪 许多委内瑞拉移民在拜登政府期间扩展的临时保护计划下居住和工作,但随着特朗普政府试图加速驱逐,他们因担心临时身份到期而逃离。

⏳ 特朗普政府已于4月终止了对35万委内瑞拉人的驱逐保护,另35万人将于2026年2月保护到期,这加剧了移民的不确定性。

🏢 房地产业主,包括公寓业主,据说也在拒绝临时许可的家庭,担心他们可能突然成为美国非法居民,导致社区空置率上升。

📜 专家表示,这种基于国籍的歧视性做法可能违反联邦和州公平住房法,以及民权法,租户在这种情况下可能有权获得惩罚性赔偿。

💰 房东在驱逐过程中面临收入损失的风险,如果临时身份被撤销,租户将失去收入来源,无法支付租金,但房东不能仅因移民身份而拒绝租户。

Doral Landings East, a gated Miami suburb consisting mainly of single-family homes, is experiencing an immigrant exodus.

Many Venezuelans lived and worked there under temporary programs that expanded during the Biden administration, The Wall Street Journal reported

But the community of 80,000 people, about 40% of whom are Venezuelan, is experiencing greater vacancy rates than surrounding communities. In Doral, vacancy rates have increased from 5.6% late last year to 6.5%, above vacancies in surrounding communities where rates are 4.3%.

Real estate agents are pointing to Venezuelan immigrants fleeing in fear of their temporary status expiring under a Trump administration that’s tried to fast-track deportations, according to the Journal.

Venezuelans are one of the largest groups on temporary status in the U.S. today, but the Trump administration ended deportation protection for 350,000 Venezuelans in April, and another 350,000 will see their protection expire in February 2026.

At the same time, Doral apartment building owners are reportedly turning away families under temporary permission as worries mount that Trump could suddenly make them illegal residents in the U.S.

Experts say this could violate federal and state fair housing laws by discriminating against one’s nation of origin, regardless of their immigration status.

If a landlord turns a potential tenant away for suspecting they’re not a citizen, that would be a violation of the civil rights law, Gregory Vincent, founder of Gregory Vincent Law based in Columbus, Ohio, told Fortune.

The Fair Housing Act was enacted as Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 and is designed to prohibit discrimination in housing based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, familial status, and disability.

Tenants rejected on the basis of their immigration status could be entitled to punitive damages, Vincent said.

Vincent, who’s also a former regional legal affairs director for the Ohio Civil Rights Commission, said asking for someone’s immigration status is outside the regular information needed by renters for landlords to make sure they can pay, which includes things like a Social Security number, employment status, and credit history.

“All of those things are legitimate, but the idea that you’re gonna ask someone’s immigration status, in my opinion, that’s a step too far,” Vincent said.

Yet, Raul Gastesi, commercial litigation and transaction attorney and partner at Gastesi Lopez Mestre & Cobiella, told Fortune immigration status has become a problem and financial risk that landlords have to consider as the Trump administration works to revoke temporary protected status of millions of immigrants.

First designed for Venezuelans in 2021 and then expanded thereafter, temporary protected status (TPS) allows for nationals from a list of countries experiencing armed conflict, environmental disaster, or other extraordinary conditions, to work and live in the U.S. Residents under the program are given a Social Security number and a work permit.

Trump has ended TPS for about 500,000 Haitians and for over 70,000 Hondurans, along with people from other countries like Afghanistan and Nicaragua.

If temporary status is revoked, the affected individuals can’t work, cutting off the income they would’ve used to pay rent, said Gastesi, who represents landlords for single- and multi-family housing. 

It can be a months-long process to evict someone, and landlords are losing income during that time, he added.

Still, landlords can’t make blanket statements like they’re not going to rent to any immigrants or to anyone on a temporary status, Gastesi acknowledged. 

“I see the immigrant’s position, but I also see the landlord’s position. None of it is easy.”

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多拉地区 迈阿密 委内瑞拉移民 临时保护身份 特朗普政府 公平住房法 移民驱逐 空置率 房地产
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