New Yorker 09月29日 19:06
纽约历史学会百年扩张:重拾历史,复刻经典
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纽约历史学会正斥资一亿七千五百万美元进行历史性扩张,以实现其百年前未能完成的宏伟蓝图。此次工程旨在新旧建筑间实现风格统一,特别是在材料选择上,重点在于复刻其1908年迁入中央公园西总部时所使用的“Sherwood pink”花岗岩。通过深入的档案研究和实地勘探,研究人员最终在缅因州斯托宁顿附近的Crotch Island发现并重新开启了这一珍贵的采石场。尽管面临劳动力短缺和传统工艺失传的挑战,但通过现代化的计算机控制技术,成功复制了石材的独特纹理,并已开始将重达数万磅的石块运往纽约,用于建筑的扩建,标志着历史传承与现代创新的融合。

🏛️ **历史建筑的规模化扩张与传承:** 纽约历史学会耗资1.75亿美元进行扩建,旨在实现其百年前未竟的建筑蓝图。此次扩张不仅是对现有建筑的物理延伸,更是对历史愿景的重塑,力求在设计和材料上与1908年的原建筑保持高度一致,体现了对历史的尊重与传承。

💎 **珍稀石材的追溯与复刻:** 为保持建筑风格的统一,学会着力寻找并复刻了当初使用的“Sherwood pink”花岗岩。经过细致的档案考证和专业勘探,最终在缅因州Crotch Island的废弃采石场找到了这种石材的源头。这一过程不仅是一次对过往的追溯,也展现了在现代建筑中对传统材料的重视和创新应用。

⚙️ **传统工艺的现代转化与挑战:** 重新开启的Crotch Island采石场面临劳动力短缺的困境,且手工凿刻工艺已难以为继。为此,项目采用了先进的计算机控制铣削技术,通过模拟手工纹理,成功制造出符合要求的石材。这反映了在现代工程中,如何将传统美学与尖端技术相结合,克服现实挑战。

🌍 **采石业的现状与未来展望:** 此次Crotch Island采石场的复活,也折射出美国采石业面临的劳动力、运输成本及法规等多重挑战。尽管如此,其仍是少数几个采用传统燃烧和楔锤技术的采石场之一,展现了行业在现代化进程中的挣扎与坚守。同时,该岛的未来发展也引发了关于土地利用和品牌重塑的思考。

The New-York Historical Society moved into its current home, on Central Park West, in 1908. The building, grand as it was, wound up being much smaller than the Society had intended. The money ran out, as it will, and as it would again in the decades to come, when the N.Y.H.S. failed thrice more to realize its full scale. Now the New York Historical (a rebranding last year dropped both fussy hyphen and fusty noun) is achieving its deferred ambitions, with a hundred-and-seventy-five-million-dollar expansion. It broke ground nearly two years ago.

For a new edifice that will adjoin the old one on West Seventy-sixth Street, the Historical (if we must) and Robert A. M. Stern Architects (or RAMSA, if you insist) wanted to use the same kind of granite, to stay true to the building’s origins and to drive home the idea that, as Roy Moskowitz, the Historical’s project manager, put it, “We’ve always intended to do this, and it’s only fair that we be allowed to do this.”

The question arose: What granite is it, and where might one find it? The archives cited a stone called Sherwood pink. RAMSA hired a company called Swenson Stone Consultants to investigate. Malcolm Swenson, the president, had a hunch, and checked his much-thumbed copy of “The Commercial Granites of New England,” an encyclopedic guide published in 1923. Further sleuthing traced this particular pink to an abandoned quarry near Stonington, Maine, on a two-hundred-acre pile of igneous rock called Crotch Island.

“No one knew how to get it,” Edward Eglin, a Swenson executive, said the other day. He was speaking at the Deer Isle Granite Museum, in Stonington, to several dozen guests seated around a vast diorama depicting Crotch Island in its quarrying heyday, around a century ago. (Eglin had brought along his own volume of “The Commercial Granites of New England,” from which, later that night, over oysters, he read a favorite passage aloud: “Areally, granite is perhaps the most abundant rock in Maine.” He paused to savor “areally.” “Even where the exposures are of other rock varieties, the notable absence of granite dikes and quartz veins indicates the presence of granite at no great distance.”)

Crotch Island, named for the inlet that splits it, belongs to a Rhode Island company called New England Stone, now run by Ann Marie Ramos, whose husband, Tony, bought the island in the seventies. In 2021, Tony Ramos, who died last year, and Malcolm Swenson visited the site where Swenson thought the Sherwood pink might be. They had the topsoil excavated to expose the stone, extracted some samples to compare with the existing cladding on Central Park West, and, once they had a match, opened the old Sherwood quarry, for the first time since the thirties.

The corduroy-like finish on the original stone at the N.Y.H.S. had been hand-chiselled by quarrymen on site, but this was no longer feasible. “You can’t really find people who do that kind of work, at scale,” Eglin said. So this time the fabricators, in Quebec, developed a computer-controlled milling process, “with some random waggling of the milling head, to make it look handmade.” The blocks, about seventy-five in total, each weighing between eight thousand and forty-five thousand pounds, were trucked to Quebec. The first new stone was placed at the building site on August 4th.

The Crotch quarries used to have some fifteen hundred workers. Now there were four, three of whom attended the talk at the museum: two Quebecers and a local named Richard Stinson, in a Chevrolet ball cap. “It’s hard to find labor,” Stinson said. Asked how many generations back his family went on Deer Isle, he said, “Forever.” He operates the burner—a rod that blasts fire into the stone to cleave it. He’d never been to New York to see the fruit of his labors: “I don’t get off the island much.”

Early the next morning, out on Crotch Island, Ramos led Eglin and a few visitors down an old track littered with rusted machinery and piles of grout (the vulgate for waste rock) to an arena-size section of the quarry where the four men were already busy cutting stone. Stinson was working the burner. Two others operated a diamond saw, to make giant blocks.

“This is manly-man stuff, and we have such a hard time finding manly men,” Ramos said. She explained that the burning technique, along with wedge-and-hammer, is mostly obsolete: “This is the last quarry that does it. It’s noisy, wasteful, and less efficient. But the men love doing it. It’s more fun.”

Ramos said the industry in the U.S. was dying. She cited labor shortages, transport costs, regulation, and a preference for steel, glass, and concrete. She reckoned that the biggest customer for cut stone is the Church of Latter-day Saints. At the head of the quarry, ospreys had built a nest high atop an abandoned derrick bedangled like a maypole with rusty cables. It was one heck of a morning in Maine, a real sparkler. At no great distance from the base of the derrick, there were million-dollar views northeast toward Acadia and south toward the open ocean. Someday, there would almost certainly be summer houses here, probably of materials other than granite, and with the island underneath rebranded something other than Crotch. ♦

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纽约历史学会 建筑扩建 历史材料 花岗岩 采石业 传统工艺 现代技术 New-York Historical Society Building Expansion Historical Materials Granite Quarrying Industry Traditional Craftsmanship Modern Technology
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