少点错误 09月23日 22:56
人类可能对宇宙的根本构成存在认知盲点
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本文提出了“本体论上的无知”(ontological cluelessness)这一哲学概念,描述了人类可能处于一种对宇宙基本构成和运行规则完全不了解的状态。我们当前的科学、宗教和哲学框架,以及诸如物质、意识、物理定律等基本概念,可能只是对宇宙的一种局部最优解释,而非根本真相。作者认为,这种“无知”状态值得关注,并区分了它与怀疑论、神秘主义等其他哲学观点的不同。文章还探讨了“本体论上的启示”(ontological cluing)——即走出这种无知状态的过程,可能通过增加、替换现有框架或开辟全新路径实现。作者估计人类处于本体论无知状态的可能性不低,并认为这种认知盲点可能影响我们对现实的根本理解,尽管短期内无明显实践意义。

💡 **本体论上的无知(Ontological Cluelessness)**:这是一种假说,认为人类可能并未掌握理解宇宙的正确基本范畴和框架。我们当前依赖的科学、数学、宗教和哲学体系,以及诸如物理定律、意识、物质等概念,可能只是对宇宙的一种局部最优理解,而非根本性的认知。这种状态意味着我们对宇宙的真实运作方式可能一无所知。

🔄 **走出无知的路径——本体论上的启示(Ontological Cluing)**:作者提出了三种可能走出本体论无知状态的方式:一是“添加式”,即在现有框架上增加新的范畴和解释;二是“替换式”,即完全抛弃旧有框架,采用全新体系;三是“秘密第三选项”,暗示存在一种我们尚未想象到的突破性方式。这些过程可能涉及可识别或不可识别,可交流或不可交流的范畴。

🤔 **与相关概念的区分**:本体论上的无知不同于彻底的怀疑论,因为它不否定知识的可能性,反而可能为更深层次的知识敞开大门;它也不同于皮浪主义,因为它不主张悬置判断;更不同于神秘主义,它不排斥理性认知,也不声称神秘洞见具有特权。它更多地是一种对现有认知局限性的深刻反思。

🔮 **对人类认知现状的评估**:作者认为人类很有可能处于本体论无知状态,并估计有30%的可能性。这种可能性源于人类并非为了精确理解宇宙而得到强烈的自然选择,也并非在哲学和元哲学方面特别擅长。这种认知上的局限性可能导致我们对宇宙的基本原理和存在方式存在根本性的误解。

Published on September 23, 2025 2:31 PM GMT

Humans may be in a state of total confusion as to the fundamentalmakeup of the cosmos and its rules, to the point where even extremelybasic concepts would need to be revised for accurate understanding.

epistemic status: Philosophy

Content Warning: Philosophy

Attention conservation notice: Philosophy

There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, Than are dreamtof in your philosophy

William Shakespeare, “Hamlet” I.5:159–167, 1600

I want to describe a philosophical stance and/or position that couldbe called "ontological cluelessness".

Definition

Ontological cluelessness is a state of knowledge that humans couldbe in, in which they haven't yet discovered the correct basic categoriesand frameworks for making sense of the cosmos[1] in whichthey find themselves.

That is, humans currently use some basic frameworks for making senseof the cosmos, which include several branches and flavours of science,mathematics, many religions, and many philosophical frameworks; theyalso use many basic categories like the notion of a physical law,consciousness, matter, God, substance, Being, moral facts, logicalentailment, stories & myths, and so on.

These frameworks and categories may be utterly inadequate for makingsense of the cosmos humans find themselves in, and instead representa local maximum in the space of conceptual apparatūs that could beused to make sense of the cosmos. If that is indeed the case, humanityfinds itself in a state of ontological cluelessness. I don't want makestrong claims as to whether humanity is in a state of ontologicalcluelessness, but I believe that it is a hypothesis worthtracking.

Ontological cluelessness can be intepreted in multiple versions withdiffering strength, where weaker versions may retain some fundamentalcategories (such as the notion of a concept, or the notion of knowledge);the strongest version calls into question all current ways of knowing (asin inventing notions as basic as the concept of a concept). Leaving thislatter kind of strong ontological cluelessness would entail an extremeupending of what we thought the cosmos was made of, the basic principlesby which it operated, and the ways to make sense of those principles.

Relation to Other Ideas in Philosophy

Ontological cluelessness is distinct from radicalskepticism,pyrrhonism andmysticism:

    It differs from radical skepticism in that it does not make any strong statement about whether knowledge is possible or not, and indeed a state of ontological cluelessness may hold open the possibility of far deeper or richer knowledge of the cosmos.It is close to pyrrhonism, but differs from it in not making a positive claim that judgment should be suspended.Ontological cluelessness differs from mysticism because it doesn't preclude the possibility of knowing, and doesn't promise the attainment of insight or mystical knowledge. It also doesn't claim spiritual meaning and knowledge is privileged over other kinds of knowledge.

Ontological cluelessness can be seen as a tacit pre-suppositionfor much foundational (mostly continental) metaphysical work(e.g. Heidegger, Deleuze, Whitehead, maybe Hegel?). That is,looking at Heidegger with his investigation of fundamentalontologyand Dasein (and especially his later Kehre andaletheia) and Deleuze withhis nomadic science, I feel like that's the kind of metaphysics one'dsee that resolves ontological cluelessness. Analytic metaphysics, asfar as I can tell, mostly tacitly rejects ontological cluelessness.

Ontological Cluing

I will call the process of resolving/exiting ontological cluelessness"ontological cluing". Ontological cluing could take three differentforms:

    "Additive ontological cluing", in which new categories and frameworks are added to existing ones to allow for a more adequate understanding of the cosmos (thus our current concepts represent a subspace optimum)."Replacing ontological cluing", in which existing categories and frameworks are wholly dropped.A secret third option, opened up by the process of ontological cluing.

Ontological cluing can also be thought of along two other axes:

    Recognizable vs. unrecognizable ontological cluing: Whether, when someone has undergone ontological cluing, a third person can recognize that fact.Communicable vs uncommunicable ontological cluing: Whether the ontological cluing can be communicated, and to what degree.

The secret third option is possible for both the recognizability and the communicability axis.

Superintelligences may help with ontological cluing if they are philosophically ormetaphilosophically competent.

Examples of Ontological Cluing?

This post has been pretty abstract so far, partly due to the abstractnature of the topic at hand. I don't want to speculate or pretend thatI can resolve ontological cluelessness if humanity is in that state, butI can give examples of intellectual advances that'd count as ontologicalcluing if humanity's ontological cluelessness lies in the past. Exampleswould include:

Likelihood

I personally think it's pretty likely that humanity is ontologicallyclueless, and if forced I'd put a 30% chance on it (though this numberis obviously fraught, since resolving ontological cluelessness may upendthe notion of probabilistic notion or probabilities, and after all maynever be resolved by experiment).

Humans don't seem to have been selected very strongly for understandingthe cosmos accurately, and also not selected very strongly to be competentat philosophy or metaphilosophy.

Practical Implications

I don't think that believing in the option of being ontologically cluelesshas immediate practical implications. It may lead one to take an openstance towards new conceptual schemes and frameworks, and a receptivityto what could be encountered. It may turn out that our actions mattermuch more than we think, or much less; it may turn out that the cosmosis much larger than we think, or much smaller; it may be the case thatthe universe is much better and forgiving than we believe, or much moreadversarial and unforgiving; and all of those notions could stop makingsense if we understand what, so to speak, "is going on".

Whether or not we are in a state of ontological cluelessness isa crucial consideration, but a frustratinglyvague one.

See Also

Nick Bostrom has been hinting at something adjacent to this in some recentinterviews (which, maddeningly, I can't find), and I wildly extrapolatedhis subtle hints; all the mistakes and muddled thinking lie with me.


  1. I will use the term "cosmos" a lot here because the entirety of existence may turn out to be much larger (think Tegmark IV) or much smaller (think solipsism) than what standard science considers to be the "universe". ↩︎



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本体论上的无知 哲学 认知论 宇宙观 Ontological Cluelessness Philosophy Epistemology Cosmology
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