bilateral defense agreement, aiming to bolster security ties and mutual defense capabilities between Australia and Papua New Guinea. The treaty outlines a commitment for both nations to defend each other in the event of an armed attack, signaling a strengthening of their strategic partnership in the Pacific.

China's reaction to the treaty highlights regional geopolitical sensitivities, with its embassy in PNG urging that the agreement should not be exclusive, target any third party, or infringe upon China's legitimate rights and interests. This underscores the ongoing competition for influence in the Pacific Islands region.

Papua New Guinea has been urged by China to maintain its independent foreign policy and continue to foster cooperation with Beijing, emphasizing the importance of balanced international relations. This call for autonomy reflects China's broader strategy in engaging with Pacific island nations.

Australia and Papua New Guinea have sought to address China's concerns by including provisions in the treaty that stipulate cooperation with third parties must not hinder the treaty's execution. This move indicates an effort to navigate the complex regional dynamics and reassure China.

The diplomatic engagement concerning the defense treaty extends to direct communication, with Papua New Guinea's Prime Minister announcing that its Defense Minister will visit China to discuss the matter, reflecting a proactive approach to managing international relations and addressing potential concerns.