a16z 09月15日
改革国防采购系统,重振美国军工
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文章指出,美国国防部在采购系统上舍弃市场原则,采用苏联式中央计划,导致军费开支巨大、武器系统交付延迟且超预算,关键弹药供应不足。这种模式扼杀了国防企业的创新和效率,奖励了官僚而非实干家,削弱了国防工业基础。为应对中国等潜在对手的挑战,文章呼吁回归市场原则,引入“商业优先”、“投资组合采购”、“过往业绩要求”等改革措施,旨在恢复创新、速度和问责制,重振美国军工生产能力,促进经济发展和国家安全。

🛡️ **采购系统失灵,威胁国家安全**:文章核心论点指出,美国国防部放弃市场机制,转而采用苏联式中央计划的采购模式,导致军费的巨大浪费、武器系统交付的严重滞后和成本超支,甚至在与强敌的冲突中,关键弹药的供应将在短时间内耗尽,严重威胁美国国家安全。

💡 **扼杀创新与效率,官僚主义盛行**:这种非市场化的采购方式取消了国防企业的利润动机,削弱了创新和效率的激励。同时,它奖励了官僚而非实际的建设者和发明家,使得与五角大楼合作变得异常困难,导致国防工业基础萎缩,无法满足未来战争的需求。

🚀 **引入市场原则,重振军工生产**:文章提出,要快速提升国防生产能力,必须重新引入市场原则,允许任何有能力的企业通过公平竞争获得国防合同。通过“商业优先”、“投资组合采购”、“过往业绩要求”等关键改革,可以恢复创新、速度和问责制,重振美国军工生产能力。

📈 **推动经济复苏,创造就业机会**:改革不仅能提升军事实力,还将带动美国制造业的复兴,创造新的工厂、更好的工作岗位和稳固的中产阶级职业,为那些因长期外包和忽视而衰落的城镇注入新的活力,实现美国经济的工业复兴。

The system is failing us. The Pentagon has spent trillions to defend America and deter our adversaries. Yet our fleet is shrinking, weapon systems are delivered late and over budget, and warfighters lack the tools to win the fight of the future.

Even worse, in a conflict with a peer power, some key munitions would run out in a week.

How did the world’s most powerful military, backed by the most innovative economy, reach this point?

The answer will shock Americans. Years ago, the Pentagon abandoned market principles for Soviet-style central planning for its acquisition system. It replaced bottom-up innovation for top-down five-year plans, non-commercial buying practices, and over 5,000 pages of regulations.

This decision had dramatic consequences.

It removed the profit motive for defense companies, killing incentives for innovation and efficiency.

It rewarded bureaucrats, shunning builders and inventors.

It made working with the Pentagon so difficult that the Defense Industrial Base has withered to a shell of its former self.

If the U.S. military is Superman, the Pentagon’s acquisition system is its kryptonite.

The world is on fire because, as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Caine stated, this failed system emboldens our adversaries. This month, China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea stood united at Beijing’s military parade. Each has vowed to dismantle the U.S.-led order – the system behind one of the greatest periods of peace and prosperity in history – and replace it with war and tyranny.

China – whose manufacturing base now outproduces ours by orders of magnitude – is preparing to invade Taiwan as early as 2027, an act that could spark a global war.

Production is deterrence. The only path to rapidly scale defense production capability is to reintroduce market principles, opening defense contracts to any U.S. company able to compete and win on merit. To do that, as HASC Ranking Member Adam Smith put it, we must “blow[] up the system, instead of tweaking it.”

That’s why we’re launching the Dynamic Tech Defense Reform Initiative to restore innovation, speed, and accountability to defense acquisition. We’ve united thought leaders from venture capital, startups, Congress, the military, think tanks, and industry to champion bold reforms in this year’s National Defense Authorization Act. These reforms will end the Pentagon’s failed, Soviet-style system and realign it with American policies that we know work from historical and current evidence. The key reforms are as follows:

    Commercial First: As NASA proved, requiring commercial solutions cuts costs, boosts efficiency, and drives innovation.Portfolio Acquisition: Let the Pentagon buy what works, not what a bureaucrat chose years or decades ago.Past Performance Requirements: Reward merit, not incumbency.Expanded Definition of Non-Traditional Defense Contractors: Slash red tape for start-ups trying to serve their nation.Procurement Workforce Reform: Align incentives to fix a risk-averse culture.

These reforms would return us to an acquisition system that helped win WWII and seeded Cold War-era tech dominance. They would unlock innovation, expand opportunities for thousands of U.S. businesses, and rapidly deliver the best products to our warfighters.

Perhaps most important of all, they will help usher in an industrial renaissance for the American people. A revitalized defense industrial base means new factories, better jobs, and durable middle-class careers anchored in innovation and production. These reforms can reignite American manufacturing in towns hollowed out by decades of offshoring and neglect.

We believe in the limitless potential of the American people – and that free markets always outperform central planning. These reforms will empower a new generation of innovators to deliver American Dynamism and secure peace through strength.

It’s time to build a new defense acquisition system.

Let’s build it for America.

Learn more about the Dynamic Tech Defense Reform Initiative

Read Now
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国防采购 军工 美国经济 创新 市场原则 Defense Procurement Defense Industry US Economy Innovation Market Principles
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