cs.AI updates on arXiv.org 09月11日
社会福祉优先与公平权衡研究
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本文通过一项针对300名英国国民的实验,探讨了社会福祉的优先级和公平与个人福祉之间的权衡。研究结果显示,大多数参与者表现出对生活满意度的风险规避态度,对不公平的厌恶超过了个人风险。研究挑战了平均生活满意度作为政策指标的适用性,并支持发展非线性效用为基础的替代指标。

arXiv:2509.07793v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: How should well-being be prioritised in society, and what trade-offs are people willing to make between fairness and personal well-being? We investigate these questions using a stated preference experiment with a nationally representative UK sample (n = 300), in which participants evaluated life satisfaction outcomes for both themselves and others under conditions of uncertainty. Individual-level utility functions were estimated using an Expected Utility Maximisation (EUM) framework and tested for sensitivity to the overweighting of small probabilities, as characterised by Cumulative Prospect Theory (CPT). A majority of participants displayed concave (risk-averse) utility curves and showed stronger aversion to inequality in societal life satisfaction outcomes than to personal risk. These preferences were unrelated to political alignment, suggesting a shared normative stance on fairness in well-being that cuts across ideological boundaries. The results challenge use of average life satisfaction as a policy metric, and support the development of nonlinear utility-based alternatives that more accurately reflect collective human values. Implications for public policy, well-being measurement, and the design of value-aligned AI systems are discussed.

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社会福祉 公平权衡 生活满意度 政策指标 效用理论
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