Fortune | FORTUNE 09月05日
国会议员股票交易禁令获跨党派支持
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多位来自不同政治派别的国会议员罕见地齐聚一堂,共同推动一项旨在禁止议员进行个人股票交易的法案。该法案得到了从极右翼到温和派的广泛支持,并有望获得新的发展动力。尽管现行法律要求披露股票交易,但效果不彰。此次提出的法案不仅限制国会议员,未来也可能扩展至总统和副总统。法案允许持有共同基金和ETF等多元化投资,并规定了资产剥离的时间表。尽管在众议院推进顺利,但在参议院面临阻力,部分议员对其必要性表示质疑。

🤝 跨党派合作促成法案:此次推动股票交易禁令的法案,汇集了来自极右翼、左翼、温和派以及中间派的国会议员,展现了罕见的跨党派合作。众议员Brian Fitzpatrick指出,这种“各色人等”的组合凸显了该议题的重要性,并认为这种团结是积极的信号。

⚖️ 解决潜在利益冲突:国会议员因其职位可能接触到影响市场的内幕信息,从而引发潜在的利益冲突。参议院已批准一项法案,将禁令延伸至未来的总统和副总统,尽管众议院的法案目前仅限于国会议员,但未来可能扩展,显示出对更高层级透明度的追求。

📜 现有披露机制的局限性:自2012年《股票法》签署以来,联邦议员被要求披露股票交易。然而,这种公开披露并未有效阻止议员进行频繁的股票买卖,表明现有机制存在不足,需要更严格的措施。

💡 法案的具体内容与豁免:该法案禁止议员持有个人股票和债券,但允许持有多元化的共同基金、ETF及部分商品。议员需在规定时间内剥离现有个人股票和债券,新任议员上任后也有相应的剥离期限,旨在确保公平交易环境。

🚧 前路挑战与反对声音:尽管法案在众议院获得支持,但在参议院面临更大的挑战,需要至少60票才能推进。部分参议员对该禁令表示担忧,认为现有法律(如内幕交易法和财务披露)已足够,并称此举为“立法煽动”。

The group included darlings of the far right, the left, moderates and many in between. They gathered to promote a ban that polls well with voters and appears to be finding new momentum after stalling out in previous sessions of Congress.

“It’s not every day you see this cast of characters up here,” said Rep. Brian Fitzpatrick, a moderate Republican who represents a perennial swing district in Pennsylvania. “You’re all smirking out there. That’s a good thing. It speaks to the power of this cause.”

Congress has discussed proposals for years to keep lawmakers from engaging in trading individual stocks, nodding to the idea that there’s a potential conflict of interest when they are often privy to information and decisions that can dramatically move markets.

A Senate committee has approved legislation from GOP Sen. Josh Hawley of Missouri that would also extend the prohibition on stock trading to future presidents and vice presidents — while notably exempting Republican President Donald Trump. The House bill unveiled this week is limited to Congress, but the sponsors said they were open to extending it to the executive branch if enough support emerged.

Under current law, federal lawmakers are required to disclose their stock sales and purchases. The bill requiring disclosure, The Stock Act, was signed into law in 2012. At the time, lawmakers and government watchdogs predicted that public disclosure would shame lawmakers out of actively buying and selling stock. That hasn’t happened.

The sponsors said they merged their own, individual bills on banning stocks and came together with a single bipartisan effort. Rep. Chip Roy of Texas, the bill’s lead sponsor, said the group had been meeting for the last several months, and some sponsors had actually been working on this for years. About a dozen lawmakers from both parties joined Roy onstage. It was an unusually festive moment as the partisan lines in Congress have rarely been sharper.

“I don’t agree with some of these people on anything,” said Rep. Tim Burchett, a Tennessee Republican often aligned with the the ultra-conservative House Freedom Caucus.

Progressive Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, D-N.Y., followed Burchett to the podium and fist-bumped him when doing so. She said she felt like the coalition showed how Congress should actually work. “It feels foreign and it feels alien and it’s like, what’s going on here?” she said.

While the legislation would not allow lawmakers to own individual stocks and bonds, they would be allowed to own diversified mutual funds and ETFs and certain commodities. Lawmakers who currently own individual stocks and bonds would have 180 days to divest. New members would have 90 days to divest upon taking office.

The mood was celebratory at Wednesday’s unveiling, but even if the bill were to pass the House, it would face a more difficult climb in the Senate. At least 60 votes would be needed to advance the legislation in that chamber and some senators have expressed concerns about the concept.

Rep. Seth Magaziner, D-R.I., acknowledged that members opposed to banning stocks are “persistent.”

“Those of us who support banning stock trading in Congress are very vocal in our position, but that doesn’t mean that there aren’t opponents,” Magaziner said.

Some members expressed urgency in moving the bill through the House. Rep. Anna Paulina Luna, R-Fla., said they have “asked nicely for leadership to put this on the floor” and set a deadline for the end of the month before she would seek to force a vote.

A version of the trading ban that advanced out of one Senate panel was described by Republican Sen. Ron Johnson of Wisconsin as “legislative demagoguery.”

“We do have insider trading laws. We have financial disclosure. Trust me, we have financial disclosure,” Johnson said. “So I don’t see the necessity of this.”

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国会 股票交易 利益冲突 立法 bipartisan Congressional Stock Trading Conflict of Interest Legislation
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