Fortune | FORTUNE 08月21日
Wall Street is scared that we’re looking at the end of the Fed’s independence
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美联储主席杰罗姆·鲍威尔即将发表的杰克逊霍尔演讲备受瞩目。当前美联储面临严峻挑战,鲍威尔本人及理事会成员正接受刑事调查,加之总统的政治压力,都对其独立性构成威胁。市场分析人士担忧,若美联储政策受政治干预,将损害投资者信心,影响美元的储备货币地位,并可能导致债券市场动荡。尽管面临诸多不确定性,鲍威尔的演讲预计将继续强调控制通胀,并可能暗示降息的可能性。

📈 鲍威尔面临双重挑战:不仅要应对经济危机,还面临刑事调查和政治压力。美联储理事会成员也因抵押贷款欺诈指控接受调查,这加剧了对美联储独立性的担忧。

⚖️ 政治干预风险:若美联储政策受总统特朗普意愿影响,转向低利率而非维持充分就业和低通胀,可能导致投资者信心下降,对美国资产构成风险。

📉 市场反应与担忧:债券市场已出现波动,黄金价格上涨,美元指数下跌后回升。分析师指出,对美联储独立性的担忧可能长期影响市场,特别是美元的储备货币地位。

📊 通胀与就业是焦点:鲍威尔的演讲预计将重点关注通胀问题,同时分析师也关注劳动力市场的表现,以及关税对经济的潜在影响。

🔮 降息预期犹存:尽管存在不确定性,高盛分析师认为鲍威尔可能继续支持降息,尽管他可能不会在演讲中明确发出9月降息的信号。

To say that U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell’s Jackson Hole speech will be “closely watched” tomorrow is an understatement. Powell is trying to steer the Fed through a jaw-dropping crisis: He has been referred to the U.S. Department of Justice for a criminal investigation into the mostly baseless allegation that he made misleading remarks to Congress; and yesterday Fed governor Lisa Cook was also referred to the DOJ for alleged fraud over a pair of mortgages in which she allegedly claimed both houses were her principal residence. President Trump has called on both to resign so that he can appoint replacements that will favor his policy of lower interest rates

Until January, this would have been regarded as madness. This year, it’s the new normal. 

“I think it is no more subtle than [Powell] wakes up every day and probably goes to bed every night thinking, ‘What can I do to preserve the institution?’” Richard Clarida, who previously worked under  Powell at the Fed, told the Wall Street Journal.

Wall Street analysts are signaling that all this drama contains serious risks for the bond market, the dollar, and U.S. assets generally. If Trump gets his way, and U.S. monetary policy ends up being run by people who will do what he wants—as opposed to maintaining full employment and low inflation—then expect investors to recoil.

“In the broader context, investors may worry about whether the Fed still has the appearance of being independent. In a fiat currency system, trust is key and even the appearance of undermining independent policy or data is dangerous—in this case, also threatening the US dollar’s reserve role,” UBS’s Paul Donovan told clients this morning.

Already the bond market has started to twitch. “The news was a reminder of the lingering concerns over future Fed independence and risks of fiscal dominance, though the extent of the market reaction was fairly modest. The most sustained reaction was in gold (+0.98%),” Jim Reid and his team at Deutsche Bank told clients. “The dollar index fell by a couple of tenths following the news but was back to little changed (-0.05%) by the close. Front-end yields fell by 3-4bps, but that move came amid a broader risk-off mood early in the session and also reversed later on.”

That doesn’t sound too serious—but it is a reminder that the bond market will move prices very quickly if it does not like what it sees.

“Renewed political pressure on the Federal Reserve (Fed) is unsettling markets and risks weighing on the US dollar,” Convera’s George Vessey told Fortune. “The potential exit of Cook would amplify dovish voices within the FOMC and deepen internal divisions, increasing uncertainty around the Fed’s policy path.”

The dollar has been signalling all year that investors are more shy of U.S. assets than they used to be. It is down 9.45% year-to-date on the DXY index of foreign currencies. To put that in perspective, in late 2022, at its peak, the dollar and the British pound approached—but didn’t reach— parity. A dollar was worth 92 pence. Today, the dollar buys only 74 pence. 

Stock investors didn’t like it either. The S&P 500 declined for a third straight day yesterday, losing 0.24%.

Trump’s campaign against the Fed may backfire on him, Deutsche Bank said. “If concerns over threats to Fed independence increase, Powell could choose to serve out the rest of his board term (which ends in 2028) even after his term as Chair ends next May,” their team said.

So what is Powell going to say tomorrow?

“Inflation remains on the front burner for Fed officials as tariffs still pose a risk to the economy and a pickup in inflation.  The effective tariff rate on imports has risen to about 16% in August from 11% last month with the majority set to land on consumers. The labor market remains a wild card,” according to Eric Teal of Comerica Wealth Management. 

Despite the inflation and the weak job market, Powell is likely to signal that a September rate cut is still on the cards, according to Goldman Sachs. “We do not expect him to decisively signal a September cut, but the speech should make it clear to markets that he is likely to support one,” David Mericle et al told clients.

Here’s a snapshot of the markets prior to the opening bell in New York:

    S&P 500 futures were down 0.26 this morning, premarket, after the index closed down 0.24% yesterday. STOXX Europe 600 was down 0.33% in early trading. The U.K.’s FTSE 100 was down 0.27% in early trading.Japan’s Nikkei 225 was down 0.65%.China’s CSI 300 was up 0.39%. The South Korea KOSPI was up 0.37%. India’s Nifty 50 was up 0.13% before the end of the session.Bitcoin fell to $113.8K.
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美联储 杰罗姆·鲍威尔 杰克逊霍尔 货币政策 市场担忧
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